Sunday 28th of April 2024

the end of the empire of vampires?.....

“Empires don’t just fall like toppled trees. Instead, they weaken slowly as a succession of crises drain their strength and confidence until they suddenly begin to disintegrate” – historian Alfred W. McCoy.

 

The Vampire Ball is ending for the US Empire    By Jeremy Kuzmarov

 

On March 14, The New York Times published an article by Ivan Nechupurenko entitled “Shunned By West, Russia Pivots South For Trade: Skirting Sanctions, Moscow Plans Ambitious Infrastructure Connecting It to Iran, India, China and the Persian Gulf.” The article stated that “for centuries, trade with Europe was the main pillar of Russia’s economy,” but noted that “the war in Ukraine ended that, with Western sanctions and othe restrictions increasingly cutting Russia off from European markets. In response, Moscow has expanded ties with countries more willing to do business with it—China to the east, and via a southern route, India, and the countries of the Persian Gulf.” Noting that Russian trade with India and China is surging to $65 billion and $240 billion respectively, the article spotlighted an ambitious $1.7 billion railway project set to begin construction this year that will be “the final link in a route between Russia and Iranian ports in the Persian Gulf—providing easy access to destinations like Mumbai, India’s trading capital.” Russian officials have been heralding the new project—which will link to Iranian cities, Astara and Rasht, and connect Iran with Azerbaijan and then to the Russian railway grid—as a “revolutionary breakthrough project that will compete with the Suez Canal.”

The $1.7 billion railway project is indicative of a new economic dynanism coming out of Russia and the East that reflects a major geopolitical power shift. A decade ago, China launched the Belt and Road Initiative, a major infrastructural development program extending to 155 countries. The U.S. and Great Britain are trying to counter with their own copycat version that so far has not much gotten off the ground. The imposition of “sanctions from hell” on Russia and the Ukraine conflict had been designed to weaken Russia and enable U.S. control over the oil and gas wealth of Central Asia. However, the Times’ piece shows that U.S. policy in Ukraine has completely backfired, with Russia adapting effectively under Putin’s leadership by reorienting its economy to the East and helping to form a new power bloc to counter American hegemony.

The failings of U.S. and Western policy in Ukraine were revealed in leaked French defence reports, which emphasised that Kyiv was recruiting less than half the men it needed to successfully fight the Russians who had created a “hell for Ukrainian forces” at the Battle of Avdeyevka by using massive glide bombs, resulting in more than 1,000 casualties per day.

On the same day that the French defence report was leaked, Rossiya 1 and RIA Novosti published an interview with Vladimir Putin who said that Western countries had been “parasitising on other peoples for centuries, 500 years. They tore apart the unfortunate peoples of Africa, they exploited Latin America, they exploited the countries of Asia, and of course no one has forgotten that. They’ve spent centuries filling their bellies with human flesh and their pockets with money. But they must realise that the vampire ball is ending.”

The end of the ball can be dated to the imperial overreach of the Bush administration in launching simultaneous wars in Afghanistan and Iraq that drained the U.S. treasury and irrevocably damaged America’s international reputation as a beacon of “freedom” and democracy.” That reputation has further been sullied, and U.S. decline further precipitated, by a) failed U.S. military interventions in Libya and Syria that resulted in humanitarian catastrophes; b) U.S. weapons supplies to Israel as Israel has horrified much of the world by committing genocide in Gaza; c) the domestic implosion of U.S. society seen in the rash of mass shootings, rising homelessness, and the January 6 Capitol riots.

Whereas Americans once elected respected figures internationally like Franklin Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy, they now elect loathsome figures like Donald Trump, a crude bigot with authoritarian proclivities. Joe Biden is an elderly man experiencing declining mental faculties who has long belonged to the discredited hawkish wing of his party and was the architect of the War on Drugs that led the U.S. to become the world’s leading carceral state. Biden’s son, Hunter, was implicated in serious criminal conduct, including violation of the Mann Act for bringing prostitutes across state lines. Equally embarrassing was the phony impeachment hearings directed against Trump for frivolous reasons by the Democrats, phony Russia Gate scandal, and lawfare campaign against Trump ,which epitomised the growing politicisation of the U.S. judiciary breeding comparisons to Third World Banana Republics.

That the U.S. was no longer a model for anyone was reflected in the fact that the top 0.1% in the country owned as many assets as the bottom 90%, an obscene inequality ratio accompanied by a dramatic rise in poverty, which had been reduced massively in China under socialist-oriented policies (See Fadi Lama, Why the West Can’t Win, Clarity Press, 2023). This 0.1% not only had rigged the U.S. economy but also its political system, buying off politicians in both major parties while shattering any pretence of functioning democracy.

Historian Alfred W. McCoy points out that “empires don’t just fall like toppled trees. Instead, they weaken slowly as a succession of crises drain their strength and confidence until they suddenly begin to disintegrate. So it was with the British, French, and Soviet empires; so it now is with imperial America.” These crises in the American case include the Ukraine and Gaza conflicts and growing domestic political turmoil. Given the violent nature of U.S. history, people around the world should be afraid that U.S. elites will provoke a world war in a desperate attempt to retain their status as a dominant world hegemon. Despite the power shifts described, the U.S. retains the world’s most powerful military apparatus that operates from hundreds of overseas military bases and is equipped with devastating weaponry capable of yielding methodical devastation. The Republican Party—the odds on favourite to win the next election—appears intent on deescalating the conflict in Ukraine in order to focus on confronting China, which is considered the greatest threat to American unipolar power.

In the 1930s, the Roosevelt administration provoked a war with Japan to prevent its establishing a yen-dominated bloc in Southeast Asia that would have excluded the U.S. At the time, the U.S. was an ascendant world empire that saw control of Southeast Asia in the face of declining European empires as key to world domination.

Today it is an ascendant China that threatens U.S. domination and so the U.S. military is preparing for a new Pacific War that with the new technologies available could be far more devastating than the last.

https://johnmenadue.com/the-vampire-ball-is-ending/

 

TOON AT TOP FROM 2008, WITH UPDATE...

mister magic strikes again .....

 

 

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subversive cambridge....

SouthFront Team wants to bring to your attention an interesting list of Ukrainian scholars moved to the United Kingdom. They currently work at University of Cambridge. Their assigned task is to carry out research and development on Russia-related topics as well as other projects in the interests of NATO states and Ukraine.

A part of these projects is used for the ongoing disinformation campaign aimed against Russia, including attempts to destabilize political situation, create and fuel separatist sentiments as well as inter-religious hostility. Other work of these scholars is also ongoing in the interests of NATO and NATO-related projects.

List of these Ukrainian Cambridge scholars:
  1. OLGA RYABCHENKO, uses e-mail address or307@cam.ac.uk. Department of History, University of Cambridge (UK). Previously, she was the Head of the Department of World History at the Kharkiv National Pedagogical University named after G. Skovoroda, and was an employee of the Institute of Ukrainian History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Her research specialization is “the study of the Holodomor and Stalinism, as well as everyday life in Ukraine under Stalin and the impact of Stalinism on the relationship between government and society in Ukraine during the Soviet period”. In 2020, she received a prize for her contribution to the study of the so-called Holodomor.
  2. OLGA PRYKHODKO, uses the e-mail address op308@cam.ac.uk. Department of Psychology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge (UK). Former assistant professor at the Department of Human Anatomy, Sumy State University (Ukraine). Scientific specialization – anatomy, morphology; organs exposed to ecopathogenic factors; immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes in thymus and spleen of animals under conditions of dehydration.
  3. DMYTRO SHEPILOV, uses the e-mail address ds2096@cam.ac.uk. Institute of Metabolic Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge (UK). He is a member of the Florian Merkle Laboratory of the Institute of Metabolic Sciences, Cambridge. Ukrainian biologist, former postgraduate master’s student in cell biology at the T. Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and the Bogomolets Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. His scientific specialization is neuroscience, studying effects on human memory, progression of neurodegenerative conditions.
  4. TETIANA SOPRONIUK, uses the e-mail address ts9l8@cam.ac.uk. Department of Modern and Medieval Languages and Linguistics, University of Cambridge (UK). Previously a doctoral student at the Department of Ukrainian History, Nizhyn State University (Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine). Her research specialization is “the study of public attitudes and behavior of workers of the Soviet Southwestern railroads in 1920-1930”. In 2018-2021, she was an employee of the Holodomor Museum (Kyiv) and participated in projects on “collecting oral testimonies of Holodomor survivors and creating online maps of mass graves of Holodomor victims”.
  5. TARAS MУКУТУUК, uses the e-mail address tm804@cam.ac.uk. Nanophotonics group of the Cavendish Laboratory of the Department of Physics, University of Cambridge (UK). Postgraduate student of the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, graduate of the Lviv National University named after I. Franko. Scientific specialization – laser technologies, study of interaction between lasers and liquid crystals.
  6. SNIZHANA ZAHORODNIA, uses the e-mail address sz449@cam.ac.uk. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge (UK). Former senior researcher at the Institute of Telecommunications and Global Information Space of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Scientific specialization ecological safety, information-analytical and ecological systems of natural reserves, formation of information-analytical tools for assessing the state of protected natural areas based on various sources and structural data using geoinformation technologies.
  7. TETIANA VOITENKO, uses the e-mail address tv3l4@cam.ac.uk. Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge (UK). Previously she was a researcher at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Kyiv National Shevchenko University. Scientific specialization – development of rare-earth vanadates for photoluminescent applications; research of synthesis of complex oxide compounds based on transition metals (vanadium, copper, zinc, etc.), alkali and rare-earth elements with peculiarities of electrophysical, optical and catalytic properties.
  8. ANDRII NIKOLAIEV, uses the e-mail address an682@cam.ac.uk. Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge (UK). Postgraduate student of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University. Scientific specialization – computer science, machine learning and natural language processing, STEM educational courses (educational program combining science, technology, engineering and mathematics) for schoolchildren.
  9. ANNA ODYNETS, uses the e-mail address ao552@cam.ac.uk. Leverhulme Center for Future Intelligence (center for the study of artificial intelligence) at the University of Cambridge (UK). Previously, she was a Doctor of Philosophy and researcher in the field of practical philosophy at the Kyiv National Shevchenko University. Scientific specialization interdisciplinary issues in the field of responsible technologies, the role of artificial intelligence in society and human interaction.
  10. ELMAZ ASAN, uses the e-mail address ea607@cam.ac.uk. Department of History, University of Cambridge (UK). Ukrainian journalist and researcher. Scientific Specialization – research on issues related to Crimea and Crimean Tatars.
  11. LARYSA KARACHEVTSEVA, uses the e-mail address lk52l@cam.ac.uk. Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge (UK). Doctor of Philosophy. Former member of the Institute of Philosophy named after G. Skovoroda of the National Academy of Sciences. Scientific specialization research in ecocide and ecophenomenology, philosophy of anthropology.
  12. SERHIY PUZKO, uses the e-mail address sp2137@cam.ac.uk. Cambridge University Business School (UK). Former postgraduate researcher at the V. Hetman Kyiv National Economic University. Scientific specialization – business economics and entrepreneurship, development and innovative ways of bringing products to the market.
  13. VALENTYNA SHKURO, uses the e-mail address svp36@cam.ac.uk. Faculty of Engineering, University of Cambridge (UK). Former researcher at the Department of Social Rehabilitation and Social Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Shevchenko Kyiv National University. Scientific specialization – study of the concepts of universal design and inclusion in the life of society, development of complex tools to support social inclusion and leadership.
  14. ELVIRA AKHMEDOVA, uses the e-mail address ea620@cam.ac.uk. Department of English and Chair of Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian and Celtic Languages, University of Cambridge (UK). Former research fellow at the School of Foreign Languages, V. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Scientific specialization – cognitive linguistics, language teaching.
  15. ANNA YUNATSKA, uses the e-mail address ay277@cam.ac.uk. Department of Modern and Medieval Languages and Linguistics, University of Cambridge (UK). Anthropologist-linguist and sociolinguist, expert in cultural studies and intercultural communication. Doctor of Linguistics, former associate professor at the Faculty of Foreign Philology of Zaporizhzhya National University. Her research specialization is American and British studies, research in the field of intercultural perspectives in language and literature, sociolinguistic and historical perspectives on intercultural awareness and identity with a special focus on microcultures.

 

SouthFront: Analysis and Intelligence

NOW hosted at southfront.press

Previously, SouthFront: Analysis and Intelligence was at southfront.org.

The .org domain name had been blocked by the US (NATO) (https://southfront.press/southfront-org-blocked-by-u-s-controlled-global-internet-supervisor/) globally, outlawed and without any explanation

Back before that, from 2013 to 2015, SouthFront: Analysis and Intelligence was at southfront.com

SOUTHFRONT.PRESS

 

 

https://southfront.press/face-of-evil-ukrainian-cambridge-scholars-natos-disinformation-campaign/

 

 

 

MAKE A DEAL PRONTO BEFORE THE SHIT HITS THE FAN:

 

 

NO NATO IN "UKRAINE" (WHAT'S LEFT OF IT)

THE DONBASS REPUBLICS ARE NOW BACK IN THE RUSSIAN FOLD — AS THEY USED TO BE PRIOR 1922. THE RUSSIANS WON'T ABANDON THESE AGAIN.

THESE WILL ALSO INCLUDE ODESSA, KHERSON AND KHARKIV.....

CRIMEA IS RUSSIAN — AS IT USED TO BE PRIOR 1954

A MEMORANDUM OF NON-AGGRESSION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE USA.

 

EASY.

 

THE WEST KNOWS IT.

 

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US in romania....

https://southfront.press/nato-is-building-its-largest-military-base-on-black-sea-coast-in-romania-report/

 

Amid the ongoing war in Ukraine, NATO is building new military base in Romania. The facility is supposed to become the largest NATO military base in Europe.

The new military base should be based on the old 57th Air Base of the Romanian Air Force “Mikhail Kogalniceanu” near port city of Constanta. The construction of the new large military facility on the Black Sea coast is a clear signal to Moscow.

The new military base has an area of 2.8 thousand hectares. It should host 10,000 NATO soldiers and their family members on a permanent basis.

The construction of the bases reportedly costs about 2.5 billion euros. The project includes new runways, military depots, hangars for aircraft, as well as civilian infrastructure like schools, kindergartens, shops and a hospital.

According to the announced area of the facility, the new base will be almost three times larger than the 99th Deveselu military base in Romania, where the US Aegis Ashore missile defense systems are located. The new base should larger tha the base of the US Air Force in Ramstein (Germany).

NATO acknowledged that the new military is being built in a “new geopolitical context” and after completion of construction it will become the most important permanent NATO military base in the immediate vicinity of the Russian Federation. All NATO decisions confirm that the Western warmongers are preparing to the long lasting military confrontation with Russia. The new base will pose a great threat to Russian facilities in Crimea and new regions of the Russian Federation.

https://southfront.press/nato-is-building-its-largest-military-base-on-black-sea-coast-in-romania-report/

 

 

MAKE A DEAL PRONTO BEFORE THE SHIT HITS THE FAN:

 

 

NO NATO IN "UKRAINE" (WHAT'S LEFT OF IT)

THE DONBASS REPUBLICS ARE NOW BACK IN THE RUSSIAN FOLD — AS THEY USED TO BE PRIOR 1922. THE RUSSIANS WON'T ABANDON THESE AGAIN.

THESE WILL ALSO INCLUDE ODESSA, KHERSON AND KHARKIV.....

CRIMEA IS RUSSIAN — AS IT USED TO BE PRIOR 1954

A MEMORANDUM OF NON-AGGRESSION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE USA.

 

EASY.

 

THE WEST KNOWS IT.

 

READ FROM TOP

 

FREE JULIAN ASSANGE NOW....

libya destroyed....

 

BY Murad Sadygzade

 

How NATO undid decades of post-colonial development in mere months
Thirteen years ago, the NATO operation against Libya demolished one of the most well-off African nations

 

Once one of the leading and most economically prosperous countries in North Africa, Libya has today become a hotbed of instability and destruction. This country is yet another victim of the so-called ‘Arab Spring.

In January 2011, the first riots began, the day after the news of the flight of Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali from his own country became known. The first protests hit the Libyan cities of Benghazi, Derna, and Al-Bayda. The discontent was caused by excessively long construction times for housing. Protesters began to seize unfinished houses, attack contractor offices and municipalities.

Indeed, there were problems with construction times. Immediately after the start of the protests, then leader Muammar Gaddafi condemned the rallies, but at the same time noted that the construction times for housing had been delayed and promised to punish the perpetrators. On January 27, Reuters reported that the Libyan government had set up a $24 billion fund “to provide housing for the population.”

The well-known British publicist of Pakistani origin, Tariq Ali, in his article ‘The Origins of the Libyan Uprising’ for The Guardian, noted that “the causes of the Libyan uprising are not poverty or corruption, they lie in any plane other than economic and social.” Indeed, there were no acute socio-economic problems in Libya at that time. Although there were difficulties with the protracted deadlines for the delivery of housing, two-thirds of the costs of buying housing were covered by the state, and only one-third fell on the buyers of apartments.

The citizens of the Jamahiriya (‘state of the masses’, a term coined by Gaddafi and used in the official name of the Libyan state) were well-fed and comfortable from an economic point of view, compared to other less-developed countries in the region and beyond. According to data for 2010, GDP growth in Libya was more than 2.5%. The economy showed sustainable economic and social development. Libya ranked 53rd in the UN Human Development Index, ahead of Russia, Bulgaria, and Serbia at that time. Life expectancy was an average of 74 years, and medicine and education, including education for citizens in foreign universities, were free. There were certainly problems with unemployment, but it was decreasing – from 28% in 2005 to 19% in 2009.

However, on February 17, 2011, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1973, which imposed a no-fly zone over Libya and authorized the use of force to “protect civilians.” In fact, this was a green light for NATO intervention, which began on March 19. As a result, the country was plunged into a bloody civil war.

Gaddafi was killed in October 2011, but this did not bring peace to Libya. Instead, the country was plunged into chaos and fragmentation. Power was seized by various armed groups, including Islamist militias. The country has been plagued by violence, instability and lawlessness ever since.

The economy was devastated. The oil industry, which used to be the backbone of the Libyan economy, was severely damaged. GDP fell sharply, and unemployment rose to catastrophic levels. The standard of living also plummeted. Many Libyans are now living in poverty and lack access to basic necessities such as food, water and electricity. The ‘democratization’ of Libya has turned out to be a disaster. The country has been destroyed, and its people are suffering.

‘King of Kings of Africa’: Who was Muammar Gaddafi and why was he controversial?

Muammar Gaddafi, a polarizing figure in world politics, rose from relative obscurity to become the de facto leader of Libya for over four decades. His path to power is a story of ambition, ideology, and revolution, deeply intertwined with Libya’s quest for self-determination and sovereignty in the post-colonial era. 

The leader of the Jamahiriya was born on June 7, 1942, in a Bedouin tent near the city of Sirte. At the time, the country was under Italian colonial rule, which lasted until the end of World War II. Libya was then under British and French military administration until it gained independence in 1951 under King Idris I. Gaddafi’s early life was marked by the nationalist fervor sweeping Africa and the Arab world, as countries struggled for independence from colonial rule.

Gaddafi’s path to power began in the military. In 1961, he joined the Royal Military Academy in Benghazi, where he was influenced by the wave of Arab nationalism and the ideas of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Disillusioned with the monarchy’s pro-Western stance and its failure to promote Arab unity and address social and economic inequality, Gaddafi and a group of like-minded officers formed the Libyan branch of the Free Officers Movement.

The opportunity for change came on September 1, 1969, when Gaddafi and his fellow revolutionaries staged a bloodless coup against King Idris while the monarch was abroad for medical treatment. The coup was generally welcomed by the Libyan people, who were eager for reforms and a better standard of living, and were also swept up in nationalistic sentiments. At the age of just 27, Gaddafi became the leader of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), the new governing body, and quickly set about implementing a series of radical reforms.

Gaddafi’s vision for Libya was outlined in his ‘Green Book, which combined elements of socialism and Islam with a strong emphasis on direct democracy through people’s committees and congresses. His work is often cited as an example of non-Western political theory. Economically, he nationalized the oil industry, allowing Libya to gain control of its main resource and significantly increase its revenue. This wealth was used to develop infrastructure, education, and healthcare, which greatly improved the quality of life for many Libyans.

On the international stage, Gaddafi sought to position Libya as a leader in the fight against imperialism and Zionism, supporting various liberation movements around the world. 

The relationship between Libya and the United States throughout the 1980s was fraught with tension. In 1986, the US launched airstrikes against Libya, including Gaddafi’s own residence, in retaliation for the Libyan-sponsored terrorist bombing of a Berlin discotheque frequented by American servicemen. The US strikes killed several people, including Gaddafi’s adopted daughter.

There were also difficulties with regional actors. Libya was involved in a protracted military conflict with Chad that began in the late 1970s and escalated in the 1980s. Libya occupied the Aouzou Strip, a uranium-rich border region, in 1973. Tripoli had been intervening in Chad’s internal affairs until 1978, but it became particularly involved in the Chadian Civil War, during which Libya carried out four interventions in Chad, in 1978, 1979, 1980-1981, and 1983-1987. In each case, Tripoli supported one side in the civil war, while the opposing side was supported by France. In 1981, a merger of Libya and Chad was even announced, but it never materialized. In June 1982, the anti-Libyan Armed Forces of the North movement led by Hissene Habre came to power in Chad. But in the end, Libya was forced to withdraw its troops and recognize Chad’s sovereignty over the territory in 1994 after a series of defeats and international arbitration.

Another of the most infamous incidents was the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, in 1988, which killed 270 people. Western countries accused Libya, leading to severe international sanctions imposed by the United Nations in 1992 and 1993. These sanctions were not lifted until 2003, when Libya accepted responsibility for the bombing and agreed to pay compensation to the families of the victims. Under Gaddafi, Libya was known for its support of various militant groups around the world, including the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and Palestinian groups opposed to Israel.

These conflicts, combined with Libya’s revolutionary ideology and attempts to combine Islamic and socialist principles, often led to the country’s disagreements with both Western countries and neighboring Arab states. As a result of economic sanctions, the Libyan economy faced a number of crises. Gaddafi’s domestic and foreign policy ideology also led to the emergence of discontent among the Libyan elite, many of whom became active during the events of 2011.

The path of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi from a tent in the desert to the halls of power is a testament to the complexity of leadership and the challenges of navigating the turbulent waters of international politics and post-colonial nation-building. After his overthrow and killing, Libya plunged into years of chaos that have yet to be resolved.

The political landscape in Libya after Gaddafi

The overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011 created a power vacuum in Libya that plunged the country into a state of chaos marked by political fragmentation, militia dominance, and civil unrest.

The National Transitional Council (NTC) initially assumed the reins of power, tasked with leading Libya towards a new era of governance. However, the transition period was fraught with challenges as the Council struggled to assert control over a country riven by tribal divisions and the active involvement of regional and global actors.

The subsequent elections for the General National Congress (GNC) in 2012 were seen as a beacon of hope for political settlement in the country. However, the GNC faced its own set of challenges, most notably in asserting authority over the powerful militias that had de facto become power brokers.

The power vacuum and the absence of a cohesive national army led to the proliferation of numerous militias. This period was characterized by the fragmentation of Libya into territories controlled by rival factions, with the emergence of two main forces: Operation Dignity led by General Khalifa Haftar in the east, and Libya Dawn, a coalition of western Libyan militias.

The political landscape further fractured with the creation of the House of Representatives (HoR) and the UN-backed Government of National Accord (GNA), leading to a dual government situation that complicated the path towards national unity.

The Libyan conflict has drawn significant international attention, with various foreign powers backing different factions. This external support has exacerbated the conflict, making its resolution more intractable. Efforts such as the Berlin Conference in 2020 have been aimed at mediating peace and supporting a unified political process, yet the path to reconciliation remains fraught with obstacles.

The announcement of a ceasefire agreement between the GNA and LNA in October 2020 raised hopes for an end to the conflict. Subsequent initiatives, including the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF), have been aimed at unifying the country’s fragmented institutions and setting a timeline for national elections. However, political impasses and security challenges have repeatedly derailed these plans, underscoring the complexity of Libya’s path to stability. 

To this day, there are effectively two governments in Libya. One is the cabinet of ministers in the east of the country, which is formed by the parliament, and the other is the Government of National Unity headed by Abdulhamid Dbeibah, headquartered in Tripoli.

The presidential and parliamentary elections scheduled for 2021 did not take place due to the lack of the necessary constitutional basis. The disagreements between the political parties in Libya on a number of points of the draft electoral law have not been resolved. The most important of these are the requirements for candidates who want to run for president. The controversy in Libyan society is caused by the presence of dual citizenship, military service, and criminal records of potential candidates.

The draft electoral law had previously been worked on for many months by a specially created joint committee ‘6+6’, consisting of representatives of the parliament and the Supreme State Council (SSC) of the country. The situation in Libya remains volatile and uncertain, with the country still grappling with the legacy of Gaddafi’s rule and the challenges of building a stable and democratic state.

Dim prospects for settlement

The prospects for a political settlement of the Libyan conflict remain unclear, and the root causes of the crisis in Libya, which has been going on for over 13 years, have not been eliminated.

In particular, the country remains highly fragmented politically and economically. The global food crisis, the global recession, the confrontation between the West and Russia, and the conflicts in Sudan and Gaza are only exacerbating the situation.

In the foreseeable future, Libya will remain a hotbed of instability affecting North Africa. The negative impact on the region is not limited to the terrorist problem, but it has become one of the key issues. The current situation in Libya, where there is no unified army or security forces, creates a favorable environment for terrorism to thrive. 

Although the prospects for a settlement remain unclear, in January of this year, the UN Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Libya, Abdoulaye Bathily, called on the country’s political forces to hold parliamentary and presidential elections in 2024, warning that otherwise Libya could face the risk of renewed fighting and even disintegration.

Earlier, Bathily proposed holding a unifying meeting of representatives of the five main Libyan parties to agree on contentious issues and hold the long-awaited presidential elections. The meeting, the dates of which have not yet been agreed upon, is expected to be attended by the Speaker of the House of Representatives (parliament) Aguila Saleh, the Chairman of the Presidential Council of Libya, Mohammed al-Menfi, the Chairman of the Supreme State Council, Mohammed Takala, the Commander of the Libyan National Army, Marshal Khalifa Haftar, and the head of the Government of National Unity, Abdelhamid Dbeiba.

So far, these initiatives have not yielded any significant improvements. Libya remains divided. After Gaddafi, each region has formed its own elites with their own armed groups. Holding elections will not solve these problems and will not lead to the consolidation of society and the formation of a unified elite. On the contrary, in the current state of fragmentation in society, forcing them to be held with unacceptable results will only aggravate the situation.

It seems that first of all it is necessary to focus on reviving the national economy and solving the most pressing social problems. Then it is necessary to decide on the form of state structure, the functions of the center and the regions, and only then will it be possible to hold nationwide elections. In other words, a stable Libya of the future can only be seen in the form of a federation with broad regional powers.

But be that as it may, one thing is clear: the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi was not connected with the socio-economic problems of citizens, but with the West’s dislike of the ‘King of Kings of Africa’. The intervention of external actors represented by NATO undermined the fragile balance of power within the country and did not bring freedom and happiness to ordinary Libyans. Libya has become yet another victim of Western hegemony and attempts to impose values alien to the Middle East region.

https://www.rt.com/africa/594471-nato-libya-muammar-gaddafi/

 

WESTERN HEGEMONY — LET'S CALL IT FOR WHAT IT IS: IT IS AN ENGLISH HEGEMONY DREAM TAKEN OVER OVER BY AMERICA, A FORMER ENGLISH COLONY... NOW BEHAVING LIKE AN EMPIRE OF VAMPIRES....

 

 

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