Adult circumcisions are often performed without clamps and require 4 to 6 weeks of abstinence from masturbation or intercourse after the operation to allow the wound to heal.[80] In some African countries, male circumcision is often performed by non-medical personnel under unsterile conditions.[81] After hospital circumcision, the foreskin may be used in biomedical research,[82] consumer skin-care products,[83] skin grafts,[84][85][86] or β-interferon-based drugs.[87] In parts of Africa, the foreskin may be dipped in brandy and eaten by the patient, eaten by the circumciser, or fed to animals.[88] According to Jewish law, after a Brit milah, the foreskin should be buried.[89]

Ethical questions have been raised over removing healthy, functioning genital tissue from a minor. Opponents of circumcision state that infant circumcision infringes upon individual autonomy and represents a human rights violation.[90][91][92] Rennie et al. note that using circumcision as a way of preventing HIV in high prevalence, low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa, is controversial, but argue that "it would be unethical to not seriously consider one of the most promising [...] new approaches to HIV-prevention in the 25-year history of the epidemic".[93]

Views differ on whether limits should be placed on caregivers having a child circumcised.

Some medical associations take the position that the parents should determine what is in the best interest of the infant or child,[94][72][95] but the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) and the British Medical Association (BMA) observe that controversy exists on this issue.[21][96] The BMA state that in general, "the parents should determine how best to promote their children’s interests, and it is for society to decide what limits should be imposed on parental choices." They state that because the parents' interests and the child's interests sometimes differ, there are "limits on parents' rights to choose and parents are not entitled to demand medical procedures contrary to their child's best interests." They state that competent children may decide for themselves.[96] UNAIDS states that "[m]ale circumcision is a voluntary surgical procedure and health care providers must ensure that men and young boys are given all the necessary information to enable them to make free and informed choices either for or against getting circumcised."[97]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcision

There are NO MEDICAL REASONS to remove the foreskin of babies' penis...

see also: foreskin man...

In the 1960s and '70s, the San Francisco Bay Area was where the counterculture really started — the Free Speech Movement in Berkeley, the Summer of Love in Haight-Ashbury, gay rights in the Castro. Today, the Bay Area is challenging the larger culture in a new and controversial way: there will be a referendum on the ballot in November that would make it the first major city in the U.S. to outlaw circumcision.

The San Francisco debate over circumcision initially centered on the value of the procedure itself — opponents call it barbaric, supporters point to its long tradition and say it prevents disease. But increasingly the debate is becoming one about religion, in which critics accuse backers of the referendum of bigotry and insist a ban would violate the First Amendment's religious freedoms.

Read more: http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2077240,00.html#ixzz1P9kQclfi

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Mate critics... you can believe in whatever spirit you want... but no mutilation allowed. Simple.

Among the authors of the study are several professors of medicine, including the public health expert Stephen Leeder and a HIV expert, Professor David Cooper.

Their report presents a risk-benefit analysis of circumcision on the basis of available evidence.

It shows that in uncircumcised infants, the risk of urinary tract infection and kidney inflammation is 10 times higher than for those circumcised. In later life risk of prostate cancer and penile cancer is higher, and for HIV and syphilis three to eight times higher.

For the female partner of an uncircumcised male, the risk of cervical cancer is four times higher.

Retaining the foreskin also increases hygiene problems and the risk of a variety of penile inflammatory conditions, the report says.

Professor Morris said that in contrast to the comments of opponents, ''the scientific evidence shows no adverse effects on sexual function, sensitivity, satisfaction or sensation, if anything the opposite''.

But Robert Darby, a PhD who has written widely on circumcision, has dismissed as ''exaggerated'' the level of protection offered by circumcision.

The decision to circumcise should not be taken by the parents but be left to the mature individual. The foreskin was an ''integral part'' of the male body. ''It belongs to the individual,'' he said

Read more: http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/political-news/doctors-new-challenge-foreskins-have-got-to-go-20120301-1u5zg.html#ixzz1nw2BNpwx

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I am with PhD Robert Darby... Don't snip babies or young kids' doodles... Make a decision as an adult and wash carefully before hand... Have you seen how dogs wash their instrument?... No snips, just a lick... Wash it with plain water...

The horror of female genital mutilation

London, United Kingdom – "After the pain, it was the screaming that I'll never forget. It wasn't just mine and my sister's screams, there were so many other girls there - all being cut. I've never heard screams like that again and I don't think I ever will."

Aissa, from Mali, West Africa was just six years old when she and her one year-old sister were told: "We have to go somewhere". The sisters were taken on a journey by the female members of their family, oblivious to the torturous destination that was waiting for them. Aissa and her sister were then forced to endure a depraved ritual, scarring them for perpetuity: female genital mutilation.

I ask Aissa, now 29 and living and working as a midwife in London, what she can remember of that day when she and her little sister arrived at the place they were taken to by their step mother. "Isn't it ironic?" says Aissa, "That I can remember everything so clearly, like it happened yesterday, but that is only because the memories of the blood, the pain, the screaming will always haunt me, like a re-occurring bad dream".

Aissa describes how her sister was taken away by a woman to "wait for her turn" while Aissa's stepmother instructed her to lay down on a bed. Aissa did as she was told, as four women stood over her pinning her to the bed as another woman began to cut her. No anaesthetic was used to remove Aissa's clitoris with a razor blade. Aissa explains that it doesn't matter how tightly you are held down, your body instinctively convulses, which results in deeper and longer incisions.

"The pain is, well, it's so difficult to describe to you what it is like. Imagine when you cut your finger, it's a million times worse than that. But that doesn't even begin to describe the type of pain that takes over when the part of your body that has the most nerve endings in it is cut away. Only girls who have been cut will ever know what that level of pain is like. I honestly thought I was going to die, and then everything went black."

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/05/2012528102139893735.html

Russell Crowe is (was) right. Stop genital mutilation in the name of religion or "medicine"... See toon at top...

Das Landgericht Köln hat Beschneidung aus religiösen Gründen als Körperverletzung verurteilt. Damit stellt erstmals ein deutsches Gericht den religiösen Brauch unter Strafe.

In einem am Dienstag veröffentlichten Urteil sprach das Gericht einen Arzt, der einen Jungen beschnitten hatte, zwar frei. Allerdings mit der Begründung, dass er von der Strafbarkeit nichts gewusst habe und deshalb einem "Verbotsirrtum" unterlegen sei. Nach Meinung der Richter müssten Beschneidungen aber als "rechtswidrige Körperverletzungen" betrachtet werden.

http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,16051238,00.html

The District Court of Cologne has condemned circumcision performed for religious purpose rather than medical reasons. This is the first time a German court has declared (enforced) the religious circumcision as illegal.

In a judgment released Tuesday (26 June 2012), the court said, a doctor who had circumcised a boy, was free. However, on the grounds that the doctor knew nothing of the law relating to the offense, therefore only a "mistake" was recorded. In the opinion of the judges, religious circumcisions is deemed as "unlawful bodily injury."

(rough translation from Gus)

Circumcising young boys on religious grounds amounts to grievous bodily harm, a German court has ruled.

The regional court in Cologne, western Germany, ruled on Tuesday that the "fundamental right of the child to bodily integrity outweighed the fundamental rights of the parents", a judgement that is expected to set a legal precedent.

"The religious freedom of the parents and their right to educate their child would not be unacceptably compromised, if they were obliged to wait until the child could himself decide to be circumcised," the court said.

The case was brought against a doctor in Cologne who circumcised a four-year-old Muslim boy on his parents' wishes.

A few days after the operation, with the boy bleeding heavily, his parents took him to a hospital. Prosecutors then charged the doctor with grievous bodily harm.

http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2012/06/201262743137489117.html

Jewish and Muslim leaders were united on Wednesday in their condemnation of a German court's decision to in effect outlaw the circumcision of boys after a judge deemed that the religious practice amounted to bodily harm.

Representatives of the two religious communities called the ruling insensitive and discriminatory, saying it was an attack on centuries of religious tradition.

A judge at a Cologne court said that the circumcision of minors went against a child's interests because it led to a physical alteration of the body, and because people other than the child were determining its religious affiliation.

Religious leaders said the court had stepped into a minefield with its decision, which undermined their religious authority and contravened Germany's constitution.

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I personally don't care about religious traditions that are in line with flat earth theory beliefs, including those that are an assault on the integrity of children... I know I will be chastised for this but that's the reality... If all of humanity was still shrouded with religious beliefs, we'd still be living in the middle ages... Actually we still be living in Neanderthal huts... or in a pumpkin tree... The modern world we live in has been created and devised, for good or bad, only by people prepared to challenge "traditions" — especially religious traditions... Our present comforts and superior ability to kill each other are not due to waddling in religious beliefs, but in tapping into the real way the universe is built — even if we understand not much of it... Trying to make fit these new understandings into old and tired religious beliefs is aking to fit a zillion round pegs into a single square hole... one at a time... Nothing fits, nothing will ever fit.

Read more: http://www.smh.com.au/national/health/australian-circumcision-guidelines-go-against-grievous-bodily-harm-verdict-20120628-2144f.html#ixzz1z3t9Vsbd

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I don't care what "experts say". Expert in what, I may ask?... Religious voodoo? Any religious dick foreskin cutting is an assault on human integrity... Not making it illegal while making the cutting of clitoris is discrimination. Both should deemed illegal until people are of age to make the choice, when above 25 years of age (the true age of reason).... 

An Israeli woman has been fined by a religious court for refusing to circumcise her infant son.

The rabbinical court ruled last week that circumcision was for the child's welfare and that the woman must pay 500 shekels (£86) a day until the child has had the procedure. The woman told the court she refuses to physically harm her son.

The case is the first time a religious court in Israel has punished a parent for refusing to circumcise a child. There is no law requiring circumcision in Israel, but the vast majority of Jews are circumcised, in line with Jewish law. Rabbinical courts have authority over certain family matters.

The justice ministry, which is representing the mother, said on Thursday it would be likely appeal the case to Israel's supreme court.

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/28/israel-court-fines-woman-refusing-circumcise-son

And they beg us not to be anti-Semitists... Why are these idiots anti-foreskin?... Circumcision is devil's work...

See toon and stories from top...

A Dutch doctor in South Africa has published graphic images of penises mutilated during botched circumcision ceremonies, angering community leaders who accuse him of meddling in their culture.

Dr Dingeman Rijken said he had set up a website to reveal the "dark secrets of the ritual" because traditional leaders had shown "shocking" indifference and incompetence to the annual toll of death and injury.

The leaders have condemned Rijken for breaking a cultural taboo and reported his site to South Africa's Film and Publication Board, demanding it be shut down.

Every year thousands of teenage boys from the Xhosa group embark on a secretive rite of passage in Eastern Cape province, spending up to a month in the bush to study, undergo circumcision by a traditional surgeon and apply white clay to their bodies.

While many initiation schools are officially sanctioned, others are unregulated and allow bogus surgeons to operate with unsterilised blades. According to Rijken, who works in the region, 825 boys have died from complications since 1995 and many more have suffered from what he calls male genital mutilation.

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/29/south-africa-doctor-website-botched-male-circumcision-criticised

A bill that would ban the nonmedical circumcision of boys younger than 18 has triggered a strong reaction from the heads of Scandinavian Jewish communities. It was submitted by members of four parties and would also punish offenders with up to six years in prison.

In a joint letter, representatives of Jewish communities and councils in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland warn Iceland against becoming “the only country to ban one of the most central, if not the most central rite in the Jewish tradition, in modern times,” urging it to follow Norway, where right to circumcision is protected by law.

Throughout history, “more than one oppressive regime” tried “to suppress our people and eradicate Judaism by prohibiting our religious practices,” the letter reads.

Read more: 

https://www.rt.com/news/418961-iceland-circumcision-ban-jewish-protest/

Read from top... Mutilation of children, male and female, should be outlawed everywhere...

With as many as 150,000 victims of female genital mutilation residing in the Scandinavian country that consistently ranks at the top of various equality ratings, Swedish Social Democrat Gursimer Singh has advocated rigorous measures to stop this illegal and immensely painful procedure from happening.

During the summer vacation, many girls with roots in other countries are likely to be sent "home" by their parents. Once there, they are likely to be subjected to so-called virginity checks or female genital mutilation (FGM) in an attempt to prevent premarital sex and retain their "honor," Social Democrat and women's and children's rights activist Gursimer Singh, a board member of the women's rights organization Varken Hora eller Kuvad ("Neither Whore, Nor Subdued") wrote in an opinion piece published by Dagens Samhälle.

Singh argued that both left-wing and right-wing Swedish politicians have been addressing the problem poorly.

According to Singh, the right-wingers preoccupation with the freedom of choice has provided fertile ground for private healthcare providers who are more than willing to perform "virginity checks and more." At the same time, Singh conceded that the left, including his own party, the Social Democrats, are not wholly committed to weeding out this problem.

Read more:

https://sputniknews.com/europe/201805161064497120-sweden-female-genital-...

Read from top.

The social media have removed a sponsored tweet from a Muslim women’s group justifying the "circumcision" of girls for violating its policy following a backlash from enraged netizens slamming it for advertising girls’ genital mutilation. By the time it was removed, the video had been shown about 30,000 times to users who didn't follow the group.

The video posted on Twitter and sponsored by the Shia group Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom promoted so-called female “circumcision,” or “khafiz,” on girls, triggering a wave of discontent against the social media network's management.

Read more:

https://sputniknews.com/viral/201809201068199571-genital-mutilation-twit...

End genital mutilation. Read from top. See also: 

http://yourdemocracy.net.au/drupal/node/18453

and 

http://www.yourdemocracy.net.au/drupal/node/33211

http://www.yourdemocracy.net.au/drupal/node/33824

Fa Abdul was nine years old when she found out she had been circumcised when she was just a baby.

• A 2012 study found 93 per cent of Muslim women in Malaysia have been circumcised 
• Female circumcision is not prescribed in the Koran or Hadiths, women's advocates say
• One mother says Malaysia's culture and society "expected us to do it"

She was among the millions of girls across Malaysia whose families believe that female circumcision protects young girls from committing "sins".

"Many Muslims in Malaysia will tell you that circumcision will protect girls from growing up and becoming wild," Ms Abdul said. 

Ms Abdul spoke to the ABC about her experience after a new documentary — titled The Hidden Cut — was released last week. 

Chen Yih Wen, a senior producer from the group behind the documentary R.AGE, said the team started making the documentary after Malaysia was criticised at a United Nations forum in February.

The UN's Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, held in Switzerland, slammed the country over continuing to practice female circumcision, or female genital mutilation.

The documentary makers discovered that the procedures are widely performed in private clinics and are not regulated. 

"The Government said they were developing guidelines in 2012, but none of the medical practitioners that we interviewed said they received it," Ms Wen said.

Ms Abdul — who is a journalist and works at online news publication Malaysiakini — gave birth to her first child, a girl, at the age of 20.

Read more:

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-13/female-circumcision-is-still-happening-in-malaysia/

Read from top.

A 12-year-old girl died in the Assiut governance of Upper Egypt last week due to complications she suffered after a retired doctor removed part of her genitals, a practice known as female genital mutilation (FGM), also sometimes referred to as female circumcision.

“The doctor tried to save her but she passed away,” the public prosecutor’s office said in a statement issued late Thursday, vowing “firm action” against anyone carrying out the procedure in the future. The girl’s aunt was also detained.

FGM was outlawed in Egypt in 2008 and was upgraded to a felony in 2016 after a 17-year-old girl bled to death. The updated law mandates jail sentences of up to seven years for those who carry out the procedure and up to three years for anyone requesting it. Religious leaders have also said genital cutting is forbidden.

The government regularly runs pubic service campaigns to warn of the danger of FGM, but instead of curbing the practice the campaigns have prompted parents to turn to medical personnel to do it, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) said in November. “About 75 per cent of female genital mutilation in the country is performed by doctors,” FGM expert Dr. Ayman Sadek said in the UNFPA statement.

Read more:

https://www.france24.com/en/20200203-female-genital-mutilation-kills-12-...

Read from top.